MirBSD manpage: Test::Builder(3p)


Test::Builder(3p)Perl Programmers Reference GuidTest::Builder(3p)

NAME

     Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries

SYNOPSIS

       package My::Test::Module;
       use Test::Builder;
       require Exporter;
       @ISA = qw(Exporter);
       @EXPORT = qw(ok);

       my $Test = Test::Builder->new;
       $Test->output('my_logfile');

       sub import {
           my($self) = shift;
           my $pack = caller;

           $Test->exported_to($pack);
           $Test->plan(@_);

           $self->export_to_level(1, $self, 'ok');
       }

       sub ok {
           my($test, $name) = @_;

           $Test->ok($test, $name);
       }

DESCRIPTION

     Test::Simple and Test::More have proven to be popular test-
     ing modules, but they're not always flexible enough.
     Test::Builder provides the a building block upon which to
     write your own test libraries which can work together.

     Construction

     new
           my $Test = Test::Builder->new;

         Returns a Test::Builder object representing the current
         state of the test.

         Since you only run one test per program "new" always
         returns the same Test::Builder object.  No matter how
         many times you call new(), you're getting the same
         object.  This is called a singleton.  This is done so
         that multiple modules share such global information as
         the test counter and where test output is going.

         If you want a completely new Test::Builder object dif-
         ferent from the singleton, use "create".

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     create
           my $Test = Test::Builder->create;

         Ok, so there can be more than one Test::Builder object
         and this is how you get it.  You might use this instead
         of "new()" if you're testing a Test::Builder based
         module, but otherwise you probably want "new".

         NOTE: the implementation is not complete.  "level", for
         example, is still shared amongst all Test::Builder
         objects, even ones created using this method.  Also, the
         method name may change in the future.

     reset
           $Test->reset;

         Reinitializes the Test::Builder singleton to its origi-
         nal state. Mostly useful for tests run in persistent
         environments where the same test might be run multiple
         times in the same process.

     Setting up tests

     These methods are for setting up tests and declaring how
     many there are.  You usually only want to call one of these
     methods.

     exported_to
           my $pack = $Test->exported_to;
           $Test->exported_to($pack);

         Tells Test::Builder what package you exported your func-
         tions to. This is important for getting TODO tests
         right.

     plan
           $Test->plan('no_plan');
           $Test->plan( skip_all => $reason );
           $Test->plan( tests => $num_tests );

         A convenient way to set up your tests.  Call this and
         Test::Builder will print the appropriate headers and
         take the appropriate actions.

         If you call plan(), don't call any of the other methods
         below.

     expected_tests
             my $max = $Test->expected_tests;
             $Test->expected_tests($max);

         Gets/sets the # of tests we expect this test to run and

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         prints out the appropriate headers.

     no_plan
           $Test->no_plan;

         Declares that this test will run an indeterminate # of
         tests.

     has_plan
           $plan = $Test->has_plan

         Find out whether a plan has been defined. $plan is
         either "undef" (no plan has been set), "no_plan"
         (indeterminate # of tests) or an integer (the number of
         expected tests).

     skip_all
           $Test->skip_all;
           $Test->skip_all($reason);

         Skips all the tests, using the given $reason.  Exits
         immediately with 0.

     Running tests

     These actually run the tests, analogous to the functions in
     Test::More.

     $name is always optional.

     ok
           $Test->ok($test, $name);

         Your basic test.  Pass if $test is true, fail if $test
         is false.  Just like Test::Simple's ok().

     is_eq
           $Test->is_eq($got, $expected, $name);

         Like Test::More's is().  Checks if $got eq $expected.
         This is the string version.

     is_num
           $Test->is_num($got, $expected, $name);

         Like Test::More's is().  Checks if $got == $expected.
         This is the numeric version.

     isnt_eq
           $Test->isnt_eq($got, $dont_expect, $name);

         Like Test::More's isnt().  Checks if $got ne

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         $dont_expect.  This is the string version.

     isnt_num
           $Test->is_num($got, $dont_expect, $name);

         Like Test::More's isnt().  Checks if $got ne
         $dont_expect.  This is the numeric version.

     like
           $Test->like($this, qr/$regex/, $name);
           $Test->like($this, '/$regex/', $name);

         Like Test::More's like().  Checks if $this matches the
         given $regex.

         You'll want to avoid qr// if you want your tests to work
         before 5.005.

     unlike
           $Test->unlike($this, qr/$regex/, $name);
           $Test->unlike($this, '/$regex/', $name);

         Like Test::More's unlike().  Checks if $this does not
         match the given $regex.

     maybe_regex
           $Test->maybe_regex(qr/$regex/);
           $Test->maybe_regex('/$regex/');

         Convenience method for building testing functions that
         take regular expressions as arguments, but need to work
         before perl 5.005.

         Takes a quoted regular expression produced by qr//, or a
         string representing a regular expression.

         Returns a Perl value which may be used instead of the
         corresponding regular expression, or undef if it's argu-
         ment is not recognised.

         For example, a version of like(), sans the useful diag-
         nostic messages, could be written as:

           sub laconic_like {
               my ($self, $this, $regex, $name) = @_;
               my $usable_regex = $self->maybe_regex($regex);
               die "expecting regex, found '$regex'\n"
                   unless $usable_regex;
               $self->ok($this =~ m/$usable_regex/, $name);
           }

     cmp_ok

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           $Test->cmp_ok($this, $type, $that, $name);

         Works just like Test::More's cmp_ok().

             $Test->cmp_ok($big_num, '!=', $other_big_num);

     BAIL_OUT
             $Test->BAIL_OUT($reason);

         Indicates to the Test::Harness that things are going so
         badly all testing should terminate.  This includes run-
         ning any additional test scripts.

         It will exit with 255.

     skip
             $Test->skip;
             $Test->skip($why);

         Skips the current test, reporting $why.

     todo_skip
           $Test->todo_skip;
           $Test->todo_skip($why);

         Like skip(), only it will declare the test as failing
         and TODO.  Similar to

             print "not ok $tnum # TODO $why\n";

     Test style

     level
             $Test->level($how_high);

         How far up the call stack should $Test look when report-
         ing where the test failed.

         Defaults to 1.

         Setting $Test::Builder::Level overrides.  This is typi-
         cally useful localized:

             {
                 local $Test::Builder::Level = 2;
                 $Test->ok($test);
             }

     use_numbers
             $Test->use_numbers($on_or_off);

         Whether or not the test should output numbers.  That is,

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         this if true:

           ok 1
           ok 2
           ok 3

         or this if false

           ok
           ok
           ok

         Most useful when you can't depend on the test output
         order, such as when threads or forking is involved.

         Test::Harness will accept either, but avoid mixing the
         two styles.

         Defaults to on.

     no_diag
             $Test->no_diag($no_diag);

         If set true no diagnostics will be printed.  This
         includes calls to diag().

     no_ending
             $Test->no_ending($no_ending);

         Normally, Test::Builder does some extra diagnostics when
         the test ends.  It also changes the exit code as
         described below.

         If this is true, none of that will be done.

     no_header
             $Test->no_header($no_header);

         If set to true, no "1..N" header will be printed.

     Output

     Controlling where the test output goes.

     It's ok for your test to change where STDOUT and STDERR
     point to, Test::Builder's default output settings will not
     be affected.

     diag
             $Test->diag(@msgs);

         Prints out the given @msgs.  Like "print", arguments are

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         simply appended together.

         Normally, it uses the failure_output() handle, but if
         this is for a TODO test, the todo_output() handle is
         used.

         Output will be indented and marked with a # so as not to
         interfere with test output.  A newline will be put on
         the end if there isn't one already.

         We encourage using this rather than calling print
         directly.

         Returns false.  Why?  Because diag() is often used in
         conjunction with a failing test ("ok() || diag()") it
         "passes through" the failure.

             return ok(...) || diag(...);

     _print_diag
             $Test->_print_diag(@msg);

         Like _print, but prints to the current diagnostic
         filehandle.

     output
             $Test->output($fh);
             $Test->output($file);

         Where normal "ok/not ok" test output should go.

         Defaults to STDOUT.

     failure_output
             $Test->failure_output($fh);
             $Test->failure_output($file);

         Where diagnostic output on test failures and diag()
         should go.

         Defaults to STDERR.

     todo_output
             $Test->todo_output($fh);
             $Test->todo_output($file);

         Where diagnostics about todo test failures and diag()
         should go.

         Defaults to STDOUT.

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     Test Status and Info

     current_test
             my $curr_test = $Test->current_test;
             $Test->current_test($num);

         Gets/sets the current test number we're on.  You usually
         shouldn't have to set this.

         If set forward, the details of the missing tests are
         filled in as 'unknown'. if set backward, the details of
         the intervening tests are deleted.  You can erase his-
         tory if you really want to.

     summary
             my @tests = $Test->summary;

         A simple summary of the tests so far.  True for pass,
         false for fail. This is a logical pass/fail, so todos
         are passes.

         Of course, test #1 is $tests[0], etc...

     details
             my @tests = $Test->details;

         Like summary(), but with a lot more detail.

             $tests[$test_num - 1] =
                     { 'ok'       => is the test considered a pass?
                       actual_ok  => did it literally say 'ok'?
                       name       => name of the test (if any)
                       type       => type of test (if any, see below).
                       reason     => reason for the above (if any)
                     };

         'ok' is true if Test::Harness will consider the test to
         be a pass.

         'actual_ok' is a reflection of whether or not the test
         literally printed 'ok' or 'not ok'.  This is for examin-
         ing the result of 'todo' tests.

         'name' is the name of the test.

         'type' indicates if it was a special test.  Normal tests
         have a type of ''.  Type can be one of the following:

             skip        see skip()
             todo        see todo()
             todo_skip   see todo_skip()
             unknown     see below

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         Sometimes the Test::Builder test counter is incremented
         without it printing any test output, for example, when
         current_test() is changed. In these cases, Test::Builder
         doesn't know the result of the test, so it's type is
         'unkown'.  These details for these tests are filled in.
         They are considered ok, but the name and actual_ok is
         left undef.

         For example "not ok 23 - hole count # TODO insufficient
         donuts" would result in this structure:

             $tests[22] =    # 23 - 1, since arrays start from 0.
               { ok        => 1,   # logically, the test passed since it's todo
                 actual_ok => 0,   # in absolute terms, it failed
                 name      => 'hole count',
                 type      => 'todo',
                 reason    => 'insufficient donuts'
               };

     todo
             my $todo_reason = $Test->todo;
             my $todo_reason = $Test->todo($pack);

         todo() looks for a $TODO variable in your tests.  If
         set, all tests will be considered 'todo' (see Test::More
         and Test::Harness for details).  Returns the reason (ie.
         the value of $TODO) if running as todo tests, false oth-
         erwise.

         todo() is about finding the right package to look for
         $TODO in.  It uses the exported_to() package to find it.
         If that's not set, it's pretty good at guessing the
         right package to look at based on $Level.

         Sometimes there is some confusion about where todo()
         should be looking for the $TODO variable.  If you want
         to be sure, tell it explicitly what $pack to use.

     caller
             my $package = $Test->caller;
             my($pack, $file, $line) = $Test->caller;
             my($pack, $file, $line) = $Test->caller($height);

         Like the normal caller(), except it reports according to
         your level().

EXIT CODES

     If all your tests passed, Test::Builder will exit with zero
     (which is normal).  If anything failed it will exit with how
     many failed.  If you run less (or more) tests than you
     planned, the missing (or extras) will be considered
     failures.  If no tests were ever run Test::Builder will

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     throw a warning and exit with 255.  If the test died, even
     after having successfully completed all its tests, it will
     still be considered a failure and will exit with 255.

     So the exit codes are...

         0                   all tests successful
         255                 test died or all passed but wrong # of tests run
         any other number    how many failed (including missing or extras)

     If you fail more than 254 tests, it will be reported as 254.

THREADS

     In perl 5.8.0 and later, Test::Builder is thread-safe.  The
     test number is shared amongst all threads.  This means if
     one thread sets the test number using current_test() they
     will all be effected.

     Test::Builder is only thread-aware if threads.pm is loaded
     before Test::Builder.

EXAMPLES

     CPAN can provide the best examples.  Test::Simple,
     Test::More, Test::Exception and Test::Differences all use
     Test::Builder.

SEE ALSO

     Test::Simple, Test::More, Test::Harness

AUTHORS

     Original code by chromatic, maintained by Michael G Schwern
     <schwern@pobox.com>

COPYRIGHT

     Copyright 2002, 2004 by chromatic <chromatic@wgz.org> and
                             Michael G Schwern
     <schwern@pobox.com>.

     This program is free software; you can redistribute it
     and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.

     See http://www.perl.com/perl/misc/Artistic.html

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