MirBSD manpage: List::Util(3p)


ext::List::Util::Perl:Programmeexrts::RLeist::Util::lib::List::Util(3p)

NAME

     List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines

SYNOPSIS

         use List::Util qw(first max maxstr min minstr reduce shuffle sum);

DESCRIPTION

     "List::Util" contains a selection of subroutines that people
     have expressed would be nice to have in the perl core, but
     the usage would not really be high enough to warrant the use
     of a keyword, and the size so small such that being indivi-
     dual extensions would be wasteful.

     By default "List::Util" does not export any subroutines. The
     subroutines defined are

     first BLOCK LIST
         Similar to "grep" in that it evaluates BLOCK setting $_
         to each element of LIST in turn. "first" returns the
         first element where the result from BLOCK is a true
         value. If BLOCK never returns true or LIST was empty
         then "undef" is returned.

             $foo = first { defined($_) } @list    # first defined value in @list
             $foo = first { $_ > $value } @list    # first value in @list which
                                                   # is greater than $value

         This function could be implemented using "reduce" like
         this

             $foo = reduce { defined($a) ? $a : wanted($b) ? $b : undef } undef, @list

         for example wanted() could be defined() which would
         return the first defined value in @list

     max LIST
         Returns the entry in the list with the highest numerical
         value. If the list is empty then "undef" is returned.

             $foo = max 1..10                # 10
             $foo = max 3,9,12               # 12
             $foo = max @bar, @baz           # whatever

         This function could be implemented using "reduce" like
         this

             $foo = reduce { $a > $b ? $a : $b } 1..10

     maxstr LIST
         Similar to "max", but treats all the entries in the list
         as strings and returns the highest string as defined by
         the "gt" operator. If the list is empty then "undef" is

perl v5.8.8                2005-02-05                           1

ext::List::Util::Perl:Programmeexrts::RLeist::Util::lib::List::Util(3p)

         returned.

             $foo = maxstr 'A'..'Z'          # 'Z'
             $foo = maxstr "hello","world"   # "world"
             $foo = maxstr @bar, @baz        # whatever

         This function could be implemented using "reduce" like
         this

             $foo = reduce { $a gt $b ? $a : $b } 'A'..'Z'

     min LIST
         Similar to "max" but returns the entry in the list with
         the lowest numerical value. If the list is empty then
         "undef" is returned.

             $foo = min 1..10                # 1
             $foo = min 3,9,12               # 3
             $foo = min @bar, @baz           # whatever

         This function could be implemented using "reduce" like
         this

             $foo = reduce { $a < $b ? $a : $b } 1..10

     minstr LIST
         Similar to "min", but treats all the entries in the list
         as strings and returns the lowest string as defined by
         the "lt" operator. If the list is empty then "undef" is
         returned.

             $foo = minstr 'A'..'Z'          # 'A'
             $foo = minstr "hello","world"   # "hello"
             $foo = minstr @bar, @baz        # whatever

         This function could be implemented using "reduce" like
         this

             $foo = reduce { $a lt $b ? $a : $b } 'A'..'Z'

     reduce BLOCK LIST
         Reduces LIST by calling BLOCK multiple times, setting $a
         and $b each time. The first call will be with $a and $b
         set to the first two elements of the list, subsequent
         calls will be done by setting $a to the result of the
         previous call and $b to the next element in the list.

         Returns the result of the last call to BLOCK. If LIST is
         empty then "undef" is returned. If LIST only contains
         one element then that element is returned and BLOCK is
         not executed.

perl v5.8.8                2005-02-05                           2

ext::List::Util::Perl:Programmeexrts::RLeist::Util::lib::List::Util(3p)

             $foo = reduce { $a < $b ? $a : $b } 1..10       # min
             $foo = reduce { $a lt $b ? $a : $b } 'aa'..'zz' # minstr
             $foo = reduce { $a + $b } 1 .. 10               # sum
             $foo = reduce { $a . $b } @bar                  # concat

     shuffle LIST
         Returns the elements of LIST in a random order

             @cards = shuffle 0..51      # 0..51 in a random order

     sum LIST
         Returns the sum of all the elements in LIST. If LIST is
         empty then "undef" is returned.

             $foo = sum 1..10                # 55
             $foo = sum 3,9,12               # 24
             $foo = sum @bar, @baz           # whatever

         This function could be implemented using "reduce" like
         this

             $foo = reduce { $a + $b } 1..10

KNOWN BUGS

     With perl versions prior to 5.005 there are some cases where
     reduce will return an incorrect result. This will show up as
     test 7 of reduce.t failing.

SUGGESTED ADDITIONS

     The following are additions that have been requested, but I
     have been reluctant to add due to them being very simple to
     implement in perl

       # One argument is true

       sub any { $_ && return 1 for @_; 0 }

       # All arguments are true

       sub all { $_ || return 0 for @_; 1 }

       # All arguments are false

       sub none { $_ && return 0 for @_; 1 }

       # One argument is false

       sub notall { $_ || return 1 for @_; 0 }

       # How many elements are true

perl v5.8.8                2005-02-05                           3

ext::List::Util::Perl:Programmeexrts::RLeist::Util::lib::List::Util(3p)

       sub true { scalar grep { $_ } @_ }

       # How many elements are false

       sub false { scalar grep { !$_ } @_ }

COPYRIGHT

     Copyright (c) 1997-2005 Graham Barr <gbarr@pobox.com>. All
     rights reserved. This program is free software; you can
     redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as
     Perl itself.

perl v5.8.8                2005-02-05                           4

Generated on 2022-12-24 01:00:14 by $MirOS: src/scripts/roff2htm,v 1.113 2022/12/21 23:14:31 tg Exp $ — This product includes material provided by mirabilos.

These manual pages and other documentation are copyrighted by their respective writers; their sources are available at the project’s CVSweb, AnonCVS and other mirrors. The rest is Copyright © 2002–2022 MirBSD.

This manual page’s HTML representation is supposed to be valid XHTML/1.1; if not, please send a bug report — diffs preferred.

Kontakt / Impressum & Datenschutzerklärung