ExtUtils::Embed(3Perl Programmers Reference GuExtUtils::Embed(3p)
ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++
applications
perl -MExtUtils::Embed -e xsinit
perl -MExtUtils::Embed -e ccopts
perl -MExtUtils::Embed -e ldopts
ExtUtils::Embed provides utility functions for embedding a
Perl interpreter and extensions in your C/C++ applications.
Typically, an application Makefile will invoke
ExtUtils::Embed functions while building your application.
@EXPORT
ExtUtils::Embed exports the following functions:
xsinit(), ldopts(), ccopts(), perl_inc(), ccflags(),
ccdlflags(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(), xsi_body()
xsinit()
Generate C/C++ code for the XS initializer function.
When invoked as `perl -MExtUtils::Embed -e xsinit --`
the following options are recognized:
-o <output filename> (Defaults to perlxsi.c)
-o STDOUT will print to STDOUT.
-std (Write code for extensions that are linked with the
current Perl.)
Any additional arguments are expected to be names of
modules to generate code for.
When invoked with parameters the following are accepted
and optional:
"xsinit($filename,$std,[@modules])"
Where,
$filename is equivalent to the -o option.
$std is boolean, equivalent to the -std option.
[@modules] is an array ref, same as additional arguments
mentioned above.
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Examples
perl -MExtUtils::Embed -e xsinit -- -o xsinit.c Socket
This will generate code with an xs_init function that
glues the perl Socket::bootstrap function to the C
boot_Socket function and writes it to a file named
xsinit.c.
Note that DynaLoader is a special case where it must
call boot_DynaLoader directly.
perl -MExtUtils::Embed -e xsinit
This will generate code for linking with DynaLoader and
each static extension found in $Config{static_ext}. The
code is written to the default file name perlxsi.c.
perl -MExtUtils::Embed -e xsinit -- -o xsinit.c -std DBI DBD::Oracle
Here, code is written for all the currently linked
extensions along with code for DBI and DBD::Oracle.
If you have a working DynaLoader then there is rarely
any need to statically link in any other extensions.
ldopts()
Output arguments for linking the Perl library and exten-
sions to your application.
When invoked as `perl -MExtUtils::Embed -e ldopts --`
the following options are recognized:
-std
Output arguments for linking the Perl library and any
extensions linked with the current Perl.
-I <path1:path2>
Search path for ModuleName.a archives. Default path is
@INC. Library archives are expected to be found as
/some/path/auto/ModuleName/ModuleName.a For example,
when looking for Socket.a relative to a search path, we
should find auto/Socket/Socket.a
When looking for DBD::Oracle relative to a search path,
we should find auto/DBD/Oracle/Oracle.a
Keep in mind that you can always supply
/my/own/path/ModuleName.a as an additional linker argu-
ment.
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-- <list of linker args>
Additional linker arguments to be considered.
Any additional arguments found before the -- token are
expected to be names of modules to generate code for.
When invoked with parameters the following are accepted
and optional:
"ldopts($std,[@modules],[@link_args],$path)"
Where:
$std is boolean, equivalent to the -std option.
[@modules] is equivalent to additional arguments found
before the -- token.
[@link_args] is equivalent to arguments found after the
-- token.
$path is equivalent to the -I option.
In addition, when ldopts is called with parameters, it
will return the argument string rather than print it to
STDOUT.
Examples
perl -MExtUtils::Embed -e ldopts
This will print arguments for linking with libperl.a,
DynaLoader and extensions found in $Config{static_ext}.
This includes libraries found in $Config{libs} and the
first ModuleName.a library for each extension that is
found by searching @INC or the path specified by the -I
option. In addition, when ModuleName.a is found, addi-
tional linker arguments are picked up from the
extralibs.ld file in the same directory.
perl -MExtUtils::Embed -e ldopts -- -std Socket
This will do the same as the above example, along with
printing additional arguments for linking with the
Socket extension.
perl -MExtUtils::Embed -e ldopts -- DynaLoader
This will print arguments for linking with just the
DynaLoader extension and libperl.a.
perl -MExtUtils::Embed -e ldopts -- -std Msql -- -L/usr/msql/lib -lmsql
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Any arguments after the second '--' token are additional
linker arguments that will be examined for potential
conflict. If there is no conflict, the additional argu-
ments will be part of the output.
perl_inc()
For including perl header files this function simply
prints:
-I$Config{archlibexp}/CORE
So, rather than having to say:
perl -MConfig -e 'print "-I$Config{archlibexp}/CORE"'
Just say:
perl -MExtUtils::Embed -e perl_inc
ccflags(), ccdlflags()
These functions simply print $Config{ccflags} and
$Config{ccdlflags}
ccopts()
This function combines perl_inc(), ccflags() and
ccdlflags() into one.
xsi_header()
This function simply returns a string defining the same
EXTERN_C macro as perlmain.c along with #including
perl.h and EXTERN.h.
xsi_protos(@modules)
This function returns a string of boot_$ModuleName pro-
totypes for each @modules.
xsi_body(@modules)
This function returns a string of calls to newXS() that
glue the module bootstrap function to boot_ModuleName
for each @modules.
xsinit() uses the xsi_* functions to generate most of
its code.
For examples on how to use ExtUtils::Embed for building
C/C++ applications with embedded perl, see perlembed.
perlembed
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Doug MacEachern <dougm@osf.org>
Based on ideas from Tim Bunce <Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk> and
minimod.pl by Andreas Koenig <k@anna.in-berlin.de> and Tim
Bunce.
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